Types of PLC Mechanical Architectures
PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) architectures can be categorized based on their design and application features as follows:—
1. Modular Architecture
Features:
Composed of multiple modules such as CPU module, I/O modules, power supply module, communication module, etc.
Each module can be replaced or expanded independently based on requirements, suitable for complex control systems.
Advantages:
High flexibility, easy system expansion and maintenance.
Modules with different functions can be selected according to specific needs.
Applications:
Large-scale industrial automation projects, such as production line control and complex process control.
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2. Compact (Integrated) Architecture
Features:
All components (CPU, I/O, power supply, etc.) are integrated into a single housing.
Compact design, typically small in size.
Advantages:
Lower cost, simple structure, suitable for beginners and small-scale control systems.
Easy installation and space-saving.
Applications:
Small equipment control, such as standalone automation and simple device control.
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3. Embedded Architecture
Features:
Core PLC functions are embedded into specific devices, often designed as dedicated controllers.
Typically integrated with other equipment and optimized for specific functionalities.
Advantages:
Highly targeted, optimized performance, and smaller in size.
Commonly used in OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) specialized equipment.
Applications:
Specialized equipment manufacturing, such as injection molding machines, packaging machines, and textile machines.
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4. Distributed Architecture
Features:
Composed of multiple distributed control units connected via industrial networks.
Each control unit is located at different points and works collaboratively.
Advantages:
Suitable for large-scale and complex systems, reducing wiring costs.
Each unit operates independently, with good fault isolation.
Applications:
Large industrial scenarios, such as smart factories and logistics systems.
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5. Redundant Architecture
Features:
Includes a primary control unit and a backup control unit to enhance system reliability.
The backup unit takes over automatically in case of a primary unit failure.
Advantages:
Enhances system reliability and stability, suitable for applications requiring continuous operation.
Applications:
High-reliability scenarios, such as power systems, chemical plants, and large energy projects.
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These architectures are chosen based on application requirements, with each suited to different industrial scenarios and budget constraints.